贸易自由化能否提高中国制造业企业资源再配置效率——基于中国加入WTO的倍差法分析

Does Trade Liberalization Improve the Resource Reallocation Efficiency of Chinese Manufacturing Firms: Evidence Based on Difference-in-Difference Method after China's WTO Accession

在"二次开放"的契机下和未来供给侧改革的要求下,如何提高资源再配置效率,进而提高总量生产率水平,在当前具有非常重要的现实意义。本文在中国加入WTO这个理想的"自然实验"框架下采用倍差法考察了贸易自由化带来的进口竞争效应对我国资源再配置效率的影响,并进一步讨论了在贸易自由化冲击下资源的跨企业再配置过程。结果表明:贸易自由化通过进口竞争效应显著降低了我国行业生产率离散程度,资源再配置效率得到改善;在考虑了识别假设检验以及其他稳健性检验后,实证结果依然稳健;竞争通过企业的动态调整改善了行业内跨企业的资源再配置效率。主要体现为,在企业进入退出过程中,在位企业间以及退出企业与在位企业间的生产率差异明显减小。

With China＇ s WTO accession and the proposal o： supp^y-~uc ~c- form, how to improve the resource reallocation efficiency and raise the productivi- tyhas a great reality-oriented meaning. Using Difference- in-differences method, we try to find whether and how the import competition effect of trade liberaliza- tion affects the resource reallocation efficiency after China＇ s WTO accession. We fred that the productivity dispersion reduces after trade liberalization, hence the resource reallocation efficiency improves. And the result still holds even after the consideration of recognition hypothesis test and otherrobustness test. Through the dynamic adjustment of the enterprise, competition improves the efficiency of resource reallocation of inter-enterprise in the industry. The improvement of re- source allocation efficiency between firms is mainly from the process of firm＇ s entry and exit, since the productivity dispersion between survivors and exciters de- creases and the productivity dispersion within survivors decreases.