日本在印度尼西亚的油气权益及其对中国的启示

Japanese Oil and Gas Equity Holdings in Indonesia and Their Implications for China

获取油气资源出口国的油气权益,是稳固进口国油气供应的手段之一。东南亚在日本的油气(尤其是天然气)供应体系中扮演着重要的角色。相比欧美油气开发企业,日本企业进入印度尼西亚较晚,存在一定劣势。但经过多年的努力经营,目前已经取得了不错的成绩。日本企业面临的挑战主要来自老牌的欧美油气公司和新兴的韩国油气公司。从机遇上看,一方面是基于与这些竞争者的优势互补,联合成立公司、共同开发项目。另一方面,日本政府通过各种机构提供补贴或优惠,帮助企业应对资源勘探的风险;同时,建立并巩固与油气资源国政府的外交关系,尽量降低政策法规变化带来的影响。为了考察当前油气权益市场的供求情况,将油气区块视为一类商品。处于需求端的油气开发同行由于资金压力放弃原有权益,也丧失了竞争新权益的能力;处于供给端的资源国政府为稳定未来的产量,以保障财政收入和外汇收入,增加了新区块的供给。这种形势有利于中国油气企业持有更多的海外油气权益。

Acquiring oil and gas equities in oil and gas exporting countries is one of the approaches to en- suring a secure supply for oil and gas importing countries.Southeast Asia plays a key role in Japan＇s oil and gas supply system （particularly for natural gas）.Compared with its European and American peers,Japanese companies are late comers in Indonesia＇s oil and gas sector.However,after years of effort,they have achieved impressive results.The main challenges faced by Japanese companies are established European and American oil and gas companies and emerging South Korean oil companies.As far as opportunities are concerned,on the one hand,their complementary advantages allow Japanese and western companies to form joint ventures and jointly develop projects.On the other hand,the Japanese government is offering subsidies or preferential policies through various institutions to help Japanese companies cope with the risks in resource exploration.In addition,it is making effort to establish or consolidate its diplomatic relations with oil and gas host countries in order to minimize the impact of changes in policies and laws.In order to understand the supply and de- mand situation in the current oil and gas equity market,researchers regard oil and gas blocks as a commod- ity category.Oil and gas developers at the demand end have waived their equities due to capital pressure and have also lost their ability to compete for new equities.The host governments at the supply end have in- creased their supplies of new blocks in order to stabilize future production to ensure finance revenue and foreign currency earnings.This can help Chinese companies get more overseas oil and gas equities.