国内外真菌毒素检测方法研究现状及进展

Current status and advances of domestic and international determination methods of mycotoxins

真菌毒素是真菌产生的小分子有毒代谢产物,通常以痕量形式存在于基质中,不表现为急性毒性,但具有蓄积性,长期摄入易引发癌症、突变及畸形,从而对人类安全造成威胁。本文着重介绍了黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、伏马菌素、玉米赤霉烯酮及其代谢物、单端孢霉烯族类毒素以及麦角碱等毒性相对较强的真菌毒素的来源、结构和毒性。由于许多真菌毒素结构相似且含量较低,需要采用高选择性、准确、快速定性定量方法,因而本文就目前国内外常用的传统及新型的真菌毒素检测方法进行了概述和比较,主要包括:薄层色谱法,液相色谱法,气相色谱法,免疫化学法,核酸适配体法以及液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS/MS)在多毒素检测中的应用,拟为真菌毒素的检测研究提供参考。

Mycotoxins are small, toxic metabolites of fungi, which have no acute toxicity due to their trace concentrations in matrices. However, long-term intake of them will lead to cancer, mutation and malformation owing to their accumulative effects, which threaten the safety of people. This review mainly introduced the origins, chemical structures as well as toxicity of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone and their metabolites, trichothecenes, ergot alkaloids and so forth with relatively high toxicity. Many mycotoxins have similar chemical structures and trace concentrations, therefore it is essential to apply selective, accurate and fast quantitative methods on mycotoxin determination. This review concluded and compared traditional and novel determination methods in terms of mycotoxins, including thin layer chromatography （TLC）, high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, gas chromatography （GC）, immochemical methods, aptermers as well as application of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） in multi-mycotoxin determination, serving as a reference for related researches on mycotoxins.