电磁轨道发射的瞬态温度效应

Thermal Effect Analysis of Railgun Tests Under Transient Conditions

为了更加合理有效地设计轨道冷却系统,对轨道温度进行了实验测量及仿真计算。搭建电磁发射实验及轨道温度测量系统,利用热电偶对电磁发射过程进行轨道温度的实际测量,在线获得轨道瞬态温度。在此基础上,基于Comsol Multiphysics平台,利用有限元方法,建立轨道横截面二维模型,对发射中轨道温升这一瞬态过程进行仿真计算,在电磁场与温度场耦合的情况下,求解轨道横截面的电流与温度分布。结果显示:轨道尾部的温度高于出口处,电枢起始位置附近温升最高;轨道温度在焦耳热的作用下逐渐升高,高温集中在轨道内表面。根据实验和仿真的温度分布结果,可以更加合理地设计轨道冷却系统。

In order to design an effective rail cooling system, experimental measurement and simulation calculation for rail are carried out. The thermocouples are used to measure the axial rail temperature during the launch. Furthermore, based on Comsol Muttiphysics, in the case of electromagnetic field and temperature field coupling, the two-dimensional model of rail is built to analyze the temperature of the cross-section during the transient process of launch using the finite element method. Results show that the temperature near the tail of the rail is higher than that at the end, the starting posi- tion of the armature possesses the highest temperature rise. Rail temperature will increase under the effect of joule heat, and high temperature will concentrate on the surface.According to the results of the experiment and the simulation of the temperature distribution, rail cooling system can be designed more reasonably.