自然书写作为政治表达:论兰斯顿·休斯20世纪40年代的诗歌

Nature Writing as Political Expression:On Langston Hughes's Poetry of the 1940s

美国非裔诗人兰斯顿·休斯在20世纪40年代一反早期诗歌创作风格,将艺术视线投向了自然,大量运用自然题材和自然意象进行诗歌创作。在他的诗歌中,现实的自然通过私有化和工具化而最终被异化,充满了压制和拒斥美国非裔民族的负能量,因而,他的诗歌将批判的锋芒直指导致自然异化的种族主义和资本主义。休斯在这一时期的自然书写不仅反映了他艺术视野的进一步拓展,也标志着他从20世纪30年代对资本主义和种族主义的公开、激进批判转向了冷战初期的修辞性政治表达,自然书写成为他在政治环境趋于严峻时的文学表达策略,抒发了其以人与自然和谐和物质与精神双重解放为目标、以革命为手段的激进理想。

Langston Hughes as a leading African American poet turned to nature for subject matters and images for his poetry, which demonstrates an unusual stray from his early poetics. In his poetry, nature in reality is alienated by privatization and instrumentalization, and is thus charged with negative energy against African American people. In this way, Hughes points his spear to racism and capitalism, the very cause of the alienation of nature. Hughes＇s nature writ ing in the 1940s demonstrates both the extension of his artistic horizon and his shift from his overt and radical social criticism in the 1930s to a rhetoric expression of his radical political ideal, which aims at a harmonious human-nature relationship and spiritual and physical liberation of African American people by means of revolution.