江苏高淳方言声调的格局及历史演变

The Pattern and Historical Evolution of Tone in Gaochun(高淳) Dialect Jiangsu(江苏) Province

语音实验结果显示,高淳方言有7个单字调,呈阴高阳低的格局,全浊上归阳去、次浊上归阴平、次浊去归阴去,阳入已明显舒化。依据连读变调和方音比较构拟出高淳方言早期的8个声调。次浊声母字归阴调类的演变源于次浊音的"游离性"和调型的一致性。阴上、阴入的调值演变属于晚近音变,源于声调系统保持区别性的需要,演变方向受制于内部系统和降势音高。

According to the results of experimental phonetics, Gaochun（高淳） dialect has seven tones, the Yin（阴） has high pitch and Yang（阳） has low pitch, the Shangsheng（上声） with full-voiced initials merged into Yangqu（阳去）, and with sub-voiced initials merged into Yinping（阴平）, the Qusheng（去声） with sub-voiced initials merged into Yinqu（阴去）, the Yangru（阳入） has changed into long tone. On the basis of tone sandhi and dialect comparison, reconstruct eight tones of early Gaochun（高淳） dialect. The ＇freedom＇ of sub-voiced and consistency of tone contour are the inducements. The evolutions of Yinshang（阴上） and Yinru（阴入） belong to late change, it＇s due to the need of maintain distinctiveness, the evolution direction is at the mercy of fall pitch and internal tone system.