从共时和历时再论吴语义乌方言入声的演变

Discussion on the Evolution in Entering Tone of Yiwu(义乌) Dialects in Both Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives

义乌方言的入声可分为甲乙两类。甲类只有一读,离城区越远,喉塞尾保留越强,在地域上表现为不同的发展阶段。乙类有文白两读,白读舒化,各点在调值上的表现相当一致,但调类归并各不相同,遵循调值相似原则;文读的产生受权威吴语方言影响所致,类似于历史上杭州话入声由舒变促的过程。甲类与乙类的文读表现相同,造成区分上的混乱,但两者属不同历史层次,因此不能仅靠舒促来判断义乌方言乃至整个婺州片吴语入声的文白读。文章还从历时上讨论了甲乙两类白读入声的产生过程。

This paper hold the view that the Entering Tone in Yiwu（义乌） dialects can be divided into two categories. Category A has only one kind of pronunciation, the rarer from downtown, the stronger the glottal stop is. The different performance in different area can be thought as the different stages of development. Category B has colloquial and literary pronunciations. The colloquial pronunciation has been lax. The tone value is hardly different in different area of Yiwu（义乌）, while the merge of tonal type is different, which follows the principle of similarity of tone value. The generation of the literary is pronunciation was influenced by the authority Wu dialects, similar to that of Hangzhou＇s Entering Tone in history, which changed from abrupt to lax. It＇s difficult to distinguish category A and literary of category B because of the same representation. In fact, they belong to different historical strata, so we hold that the sound performance of abrupt or lax is not the standard to distinguish the colloquial and literary pronunciation in Yiwu（义乌） dialects even Wuzhou（婺州） Dialects of Wu（吴）. The paper also discusses the generation process of colloquial sound of both categories dlachronically.