以应用研究指导地方本科院校科研的转型--来自欧洲应用科技大学的经验和启示

Using Applied Research to Guide the Research Transformation of China's Regional Universities——Experience and Inspiration from Applied University of Science and Technology in Europe

我国地方本科院校面临科研转型的挑战,但是转型定位和路径并不清晰。欧洲应用科技大学以应用研究为基础的发展经验值得借鉴。首先,欧洲应用科技大学的研究类型是应用激发的基础研究和纯粹应用研究,有别于研究型大学的纯粹基础研究。其次,此类大学的科研定位和功能与其应用研究的类型相关,采用"研究连续体"模式的大学重视满足知识经济和区域创新的需要,采用"应用研究及开发"模式的高校关注区域创新和支持中小型企业的发展,采用"实践性研究"模式的大学既重视中小企业的发展,也重视培养学生的实践能力。再次,应用科技大学在科研组织、质量评价和经费支持方面的制度设计与其科研定位和功能一致,能强有力地支持大学的科研发展。我国地方本科院校可以考虑以应用研究的发展来促进机构科研功能的转型。

China＇s regional universities are facing serious challenges in terms of finding appropriate path for organizational transformation. European Universities of Applied Sciences （UAS） experience of using applied research to guide institutional development is highly informative for China＇s reform. This paper finds that UAS＇s in Europe focus on application-generated basic research and pure applied research, differing from pure basic research in traditional universities. UAS＇s research focus on practical problems and their function are highly correlated with types of their applied research. In addition, UAS＇s institutional arrangements in research organization, quality evaluation and funding are aligned with their research focuses. Chinese regional universities may consider UAS＇s experiences as a way to design their transformation paths.