集水槽法在大豆抗旱性鉴定中的应用研究

Application of Collecting Trough Method on Identification of Soybean Drought Resistance

大豆抗旱性是复杂的数量性状，由于土壤含水量较难控制，精准的抗旱性表型较难获得。通过在田间放置不同直径集水槽研究大豆生长及田间环境的变化情况，进而探索利用该方法进行大豆抗旱性鉴定的效果。结果表明：随着集水槽直径的增加，大豆株高、主茎节数、单株粒数和单株产量显著降低，但大豆植株分枝数、结荚高度差异不显著。不同直径集水槽对土壤温度和重量含水率均有一定影响，尤其对14：00土壤5cm处温度有显著影响；放置集水槽对0～10cm土壤重量含水量影响较大。上述结果表明，大豆行间放置集水槽能降低土壤重量含水量，不同直径集水槽处理间大豆植株的株高、主茎节数、单株粒数及单株产量等与抗旱性相关性状存在显著差异。以不放置集水槽的普通管理模式作对照，用田间放置直径为25cm的集水槽可以对大豆抗旱性进行评价。

Drought resistance is a complex quantitative trait in soybean. However, the accurate drought resistance of plant is difficult to obtain because the water content of soil is difficult to control. In the present study, in order to control the water content of soil, collecting trough with different diameters were placed on the field to collect rain, and its effects on soybean growth and field environment were evaluated, and then the feasibility of this method to identify the drought resistance of soybean was tested. The results showed that the plant height, number of nodes per plant, grain number per plant and seed weight per plant were decreased significantly as the diameters of collecting trough increased, but differences in the number of branches per plant, pod height was not significant. The diameters of collecting trough also had influence on the soil temperature and gravimetric water content, particular on the soil temperature at 5 cm depth at 14：00 and soil gravimetric water content between 0 - 10 cm depth. Above results indicated that placing collecting trough between soybean rows could reduce soil gravimetric water content; there were significant differences among different diameters of collecting trough in drought resistance related traits, e.g. plant height, number of nodes per plant, number of seed and seed weight per plant. Thus, treated the normal filed management as control, placement of collecting trough with diameter of 25 cm on field could be used to evaluate the drought resistance of soybean.