基于可达性评价的长春市公园布局研究

The layout of urban parks based on accessibility evaluation in Changchun

结合第六次人口普查数据,利用GIS空间分析的高斯两步移动搜索法(2SFCA)评价了长春市公园的可达性,探讨了长春市公园布局存在的问题.结果表明:长春市公园的可达性空间差异较大,可达性高的区域局部集聚,可达性差的区域分布分散,且大部分居民居住在可达性较差的区域;公园面积、分布、服务、人口数量是影响可达性的重要因素;中心城区人口密度与可达性不完全匹配,老城区部分区域人口密度与可达性适应较差,城市周边新开发区人口密度与可达性相对适应;长春市现状公园布局存在的问题是整体可达性较低,公园的数量和面积不足且分布不均匀,未考虑与人口分布的适应性.原因是城市建设的历史基底较差、土地有偿使用制度下绿地紧缺、公园布局方法单一等.最后针对上述问题提出了相应的优化策略.

It is an article that study the rationality of park layout in Changchun city,which based on the evaluation ways of accessibility evaluation and population density adaptability analysis.It used the methods of Gaussian based 2-step floating catchment area（2SFCA）to evaluate the accessibility of urban park.Conclusion：park accessibility is big different,high accessibility area is local concentration,poor accessibility area is dispersible,most residents live in the poor accessibility area.Park area,distribution,service population are important factors in the impact of accessibility.Central city population density and accessibility incomplete adaptation,but park supply meet the demand of people,the population density and accessibility is not adaptive in the areas of old city and new development area,and the park supply can not meet the demand of people.The problem of layout is：accessibility is low,the number and area of the park is not enough,park distribution is uneven,park layout does not consider the population density,supply and demand is not balance in most of the regional.Reasons include different historical urban construction,green space shortages under the land compensation,single park layout method.Finally,it propose suitable planning strategy.