机械载荷对骨组织骨形态发生蛋白信号通路的影响

The Infl uence of Mechanical Loadon Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Pathways in Bone

骨骼内稳态受多个因素的影响,其中机械载荷和生长因子信号通路影响颇多。该综述首先简单介绍了骨形态发生蛋白信号通路(bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways,BMPs)的生理生化基础知识,包括两条独立的主要通路以及通路上重要的蛋白质分子结构、信号转导。然后详细阐述了不同形式的机械载荷(包括重力、牵张力、压力、流体剪切力)对骨组织BMPs的影响,不仅总结出机械刺激对BMPs某些重要的靶基因、蛋白质、生长因子的影响,同时根据文献报道归纳出机械刺激对骨骼中BMPs的整体影响。通过研究机械载荷对离体细胞的影响,有望将细胞外的物理信号通过不同的传导通路转化为细胞内的生物电信号的改变,从而影响相关基因的表达。这些结论有助于该文进一步研究运动提高生长期的峰值骨量、维持或减缓老年期骨吸收速率,从而为预防骨质疏松症发生提供了理论基础。

Bone homeostasis is affected by several factors, particularly mechanical loading and growth factor signaling pathways. This review simply introduces the physiological and biochemical basic knowledge of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways （BMPs）, including the molecular structure of important proteins, signal transduction pathways and the two main independent pathways. Then, it introduces in detail the different forms of mechanical load （including gravity, pulling tension, stress, fluid shear） impact on BMPs in bone tissue. This review summarizes the mechanical stimulation has an effect on some important target genes, proteins, growth factors of BMPs. At the same time, through complementary literatures roughly, we induces mechanical stimulation has an impact on BMPs. We expect that extracellular physical signals turn into the biological electrical signals inside the cell changes by different pathways, through investigate the effect of the mechanical load on cells in vitro. We hope that this method could have an impact on the expression of related genes. It is helpful for us to study that exercise improve the growth period of peak bone mass, maintain or slow down the aging period, in order to prevent osteoporosis bone absorption.