长链非编码RNA的研究现状

Research Progress of Long Non-coding RNAs

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类长度大于200bp的非编码RNA,无蛋白质编码功能,物种间保守性差,具有较强的组织特异性和时空特异性。研究表明ncRNA具有广泛的生物学功能,如参与RNA的生成与加工、转录调控、染色质重塑等,且作用机制复杂,如能通过绑定特点蛋白质参与转录调节或作为ceRNA参与转录后调控。但lncRNA的结构复杂,功能研究进展缓慢,目前仍难以对其细致分类。从基本特征、分类、功能、数据库、研究工具及其与癌症之间的关系等方面对lncRNA的研究进展进行综述,以期为lncRNA后续研究提供参考。

Long non-coding RNAs（LncRNAs） are RNAs that larger than 200 bp,and cannot encode proteins. Additionally,lncRNAs are badly conserved among different species,but have strong tissue specificity and temporal specificity. Recently,more and more evidences showed that lncRNAs are involved in a wide range of biological functions, including RNA biogenesis and processing, transcription regulation, chromatin modification,etc. by binding special budget proteins or as a ceRNA. However,the structure of lncRNA is very complex,and the research process of lncRNA＇s functionis very slowly,until now a detailed classification of lncRNA has not been done. Current knowledge of the general characteristics,categories,mechanisms,websites,and methods of lncRNA,and the proved relationship between lncRNA and cancer were reviewed,in order to provide reference for further studying the role of lncRNA.