钾素对白花丹参和紫花丹参产量、品质及养分吸收的影响

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

为研究钾肥对2种丹参的施用效果,设置5个不同施钾处理,对白花丹参和紫花丹参进行人工栽培试验,测定其产量、有效成分、养分吸收及利用情况。结果表明:钾肥与2种丹参产量之间关系密切,适当施用钾肥可促其生长,有利于养分往库的运转。然而,随施钾量和产量的增加,钾素的利用率明显下降,根中有效成分也降低,但干物质产量和有效成分产量均比对照处理提高。白花丹参钾肥生理利用率较高,而紫花丹参钾肥的农学利用率高于白花丹参。同样栽培条件下,种植紫花丹参可获得较高产量,白花丹参可获得较高丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B产出。可见,钾肥对2种丹参影响规律相同,白花丹参最适施钾量为253.6kg/hm2,紫花丹参为280.3kg/hm2。

To study the effects of potassium fertilization will provide a scientific basis for cultivation of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Five levels of potassium fertilizer were treated with the materials of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba （White flower） and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge （Purple flower）. Nutrient up- take,yield and quality were determined. The results showed that yield of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge had a close relationship with potassium fertilization. Suitable potassium fertilizer could promote plant growth and increase the transport rate of nutrients to root. However, with the application of the potas- sium fertilizer, the utilization rate of potassium and the active component in root were declined. But the output of dry matter and active component were increased. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba had higher physiological utilization rate of potassium, but the Salvia rniltiorrhiza Bunge had higher agronomic utilization rate of potassium. Under the same conditions, higher yields were obtained when planting Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Nevertheless, planting Salvia rniltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba gained more out- puts of active ingredients. The most proper application amount of potassium fertilizer is 253.6 kg/hm2 for the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba ,and 280.3 kg/hm2 for Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.