《涉外民事关系法律适用法》第21条、第22条释评

On the Article 21 and Article 22 of the Act of Application of Laws over Foreign-related Civil Relationship

我国《涉外民事关系法律适用法》第21条、第22条专门就涉外结婚的法律适用问题作出规定,就原有规则作出大幅度修改,体现了立法的进步,但学界就该两条规则的适用范围和具体解释有较大的分歧。对比分析学者的迥异观点,可发现各类观点均缺乏足够的说服力。涉外结婚实际上涉及涉外婚姻的缔结和有效性判定两个层面的问题,应当从不同的层面准确理解第21条、第22条的适用范围。第21条主要指向涉外婚姻缔结的实质要件,第22条则只能用于判定涉外婚姻的形式有效性。就涉外婚姻缔结的形式要件,以及涉外婚姻的实质有效性判定的法律适用问题,则需通过法律解释的方法予以补充和明确。

The article 21 and article 22 of the Act of Application of Laws over Foreign-related Civil Relationship specify the applicable rules of foreign-related marriage, revising the former provisions and presenting the progress of legislation. Some different opinions lie in the scope and interpretation of these two provisions. It has been proved that there are various defects of the existing opinions. In order to clear the articles＇ applicable scope, it is reasonable to distinguish the establishment of foreign-related marriage from the validity of foreign-related marriage. Article 21 is used to define the substantial requirements of the establishment of foreign-related marriage, and article 22 concerns the formal requirements of the validity of foreign-related marriage. With regard to the applicable law of substantial requirements of the validity of foreign-related marriage and formal requirements of establishment of foreign-related marriage, it is necessary for government to use the legal interpretation to complement and specify them.