2012-2014年海南省乙型肝炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological features of hepatitis B prevalent in Hainan province from 2012-2014

目的分析海南省2012-2014年乙型肝炎的流行病学特征,为乙肝防治工作提供科学依据。方法应用SPSS19.0和Excel2003软件,对2012-2014年海南省乙肝疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2012-2014年海南省累计报告乙型肝炎15 362例,2012-2014年报告发病率分别为55.93/10万、56.88/10万和58.80/10万;乙型肝炎年均发病率为57.21/10万。患者年龄以15～44岁年龄组为主,共8 492例,占55.28%,男女性别比为1.98：1;以农民为主,共7 694例（占50.08%）;2012-2014年15岁以下人群报告病例数分别为192、110和72例,病例数呈逐年下降趋势,其年报告发病率从2012年的2.16/10万（192例）下降到2014年的0.80/10万（72）,其余年龄组的发病率均逐年上升;海南省一年四季均有病例报告,乙肝发病无明显的季节性。结论海南省乙肝患者主要为中青年男性农民,儿童乙肝发病率呈逐年下降趋势,而成年人发病率呈逐年上升趋势。加强乙肝防治知识宣传教育、乙肝疫苗预防接种和监测是海南省乙肝防控工作的重点。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B prevalent in Hainan Province from2012 to 2014in order to facilitate the prevention and control of hepatitis B. Methods Data on hepatitis B prevalent in Hainan Province from 2012 to 2014were collected and descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze epidemiological characteristics of that prevalence in SPSS v.19.0and Excel 2003. Results A total of 15 362 cases of hepatitis B were reported from 2012 to 2014.The annual reported incidence was 55.93/100 000 in 2012,56.88/100 000 in 2013,and 58.80/100 000 in 2014.The average annual reported incidence of hepatitis B was 57.21/100 000.Patients with hepatitis B were mainly ages 15-44（8 492 patients,55.28% of all patients）.Patients were mainly males,and the sex ratio was 1.98：1.Farmers accounted for 50.08% of all patients with hepatitis B.There were 192 reported cases in people under the age of15 in 2012,110 reported cases in 2013,and 72 reported cases in 2014.Among people ages 0-15,the annual reported incidence decreased from 2.16/100 000（192cases）in 2012 to 0.80/100 000（72）in 2014.However,the annual reported incidence tended to increase in other age groups.In addition,hepatitis B in Hainan Province was not seasonal. Conclusion The annual incidence of hepatitis B tended to decrease in children but increase in adults in Hainan Province.Patients were mainly young children,middle-aged people,males,and farmers.Hepatitis B campaigns and education should be enhanced in the future,and efforts to control hepatitis B in Hainan Province should focus on vaccination and monitoring.