江苏高邮方言中的多功能语法词“得”

The Multi-functional Grammar Word “De”in Gaoyou Dialect of Jiangsu Province

江苏高邮方言的多功能语法词"得",只有一个入声读音[t4]。它可以用作实义动词和否定动词,表示得到和没有;可以用作动态助词,表示动作完成,或表示可以;可以用作结构助词,连接动词或形容词与补语;可以用作助动词,在动词前表示不可能或没有,在动词后则一般表示客观允许等等。

The multi-functional grammar word “De” can be pronounced as the entering tone [ ] in Gaoyou dialect of Jiangsu province. It can be used as the notional verb and negative verb expressing “obtaining” and “void” ; it also can be used as the dynamic auxiliaty showing the “perfection” and “pemission”. When it is used as the stractural auxiliary, it represents the connectives between the compliments of the adjectives and the verb ; likewise when it is used as the auxiliary verb, it can express the concept of “impossibility” and “void” before the verb, and the permission with the objective conditions after the verb.