城市最低生活保障政策瞄准效果研究——基于“中国城乡困难家庭社会政策支持系统建设项目”数据分析

The Targeting Mechanism of Urban Minimum Living Guarantee System——Based on Chinese Urban and Rural Poor Families Social Policy Support System Building Project Survey Data

本文采用量化研究方法,通过对民政部政策研究中心"中国城乡困难家庭社会政策支持系统建设项目"调查数据的二次分析,探讨城市低保政策瞄准的影响因素,并进一步提出政策建议。研究指出,第一,现阶段城市低保政策建立在收入型贫困的保障基础之上,未将支出型贫困列入低保制度的识别指标,使得相当一部分支出型贫困家户无法得到保障;第二,对低保制度的瞄准率产生显著影响的制度因素是低保宣传和检查机制;第三,基层工作人员的就业保障和专业培训对低保瞄准机制产生显著影响。因此,本文建议增加支出型贫困作为低保对象的识别指标,改善政策宣传和检查方式,以及提升政策人员的就业保障和专业素质,可能提高城市低保制度的瞄准率。

In this paper, we used quantitative research method to analyze the survey data collected by Ministry of Civil Affairs Policy Research Center to discuss the targeting rate of urban minimum living guarantee system and proposed recommendations for improvement. Findings showed that firstly, urban minimum living guarantee system had not considered the expenditure-oriented poverty as the indicators of identifying the targets of MLGS; secondly, the significant factors of institutional aspects of MLGS on the targeting mechanism were in-home propaganda and in-home checking system; thirdly, the employment type and the training experience of staff of MLGS had significantly influences on the targeting mechanism. For the purpose of improvement of targeting of the MLGS, it needed to increase the expenditure poverty factors as identifier of its subjects, enhance the policy propaganda and check system, as well as improve staff employment security and professional expertise.