五言诗用“语助”论

The Discussion of Yuzhu in Five-Character Poems

古人在评注诗文时,将无明确意义的字词称为"语助"。"语助"入诗作为古典诗歌创作中的常用技巧,至迟在宋代已经被论诗者所关注。"语助"虽无实义,但通过分析具体诗例,可知其在诗歌中能够起到填充音节、延宕节奏、抑扬语气、丰富诗意层次等作用,有独特的艺术效果。古人使用"语助"时还遵循一定的规律,不同类型的"语助"往往被安排在五言诗句中的特定位置,这与五言诗歌的节奏、结构特点密切相关。探讨"诗用语助"现象,有助于更好地理解"虚实相生"在中国古典诗学中的独特内涵。

In the discussion and explanation of ancient poems and articles, words without lexical meanings were named as yuzhu（ Auxiliary Words）. In ancient five- character poems,yuzhu contributed to complementing lines,controlling the rhythm,varying intonations and enriching levels of meaning. There is regularity in the utilization of yuzhu in five-character poems,which is relevant to the rhythmic character and literary structure of five-character poems. Research on yuzhu in poetry could lead to a better understanding on the mutualism of blankness and fullness in Chinese traditional esthetics.