俄罗斯和澳大利亚农业比较研究

A comparative analysis of Russian and Australian agriculture

俄罗斯和澳大利亚的自然禀赋相近,然而两国农业发展水平差距巨大。澳大利亚是高效农业,商品化、国际化程度高,有3/4的"富余"产品出口国外;俄罗斯则自给不足,肉、奶、蛋、土豆等依赖进口。本文从土地所有权、农业生产主体和农业生产分工三个角度出发,分析造成俄、澳农业劳动生产率差距的原因,探讨提高土地利用率、规模与效率以及市场对组织生产的调节作用等问题。

Russia and Australia have similar natural and land resources, but they do differ in the levels of agricultural development. Australia has a highly efficient agriculture with high marketability and internationalization. The productivity of agriculture in Australia is so high that it exports three-quarters of its products, meanwhile Russia only by means of imports can satisfy the need of the population in meat, milk, eggs, potatoes. The present article analyses the reasons for the difference between Russia and Australia in productivity from the view point of land ownership, agricultural producers and specialization of production, discussing the questions on increasing efficiency of land resources use, scale and efficiency, as well as the role of the market to regulate production.