农民从环境抗争到集体沉默的“社会—心理”机制研究

Social-psychological Mechanisms on Peasants' Keeping Collective Silence after Their Environmental Protest

本文基于学界相关研究成果以及广东省、安徽省、陕西省8个村庄的农民环境抗争个案资料,分析了农民环境抗争的原因、发起者、主体、方式以及失败的结果。研究发现,农民环境抗争大致受到环境维权意识、健康风险担忧、经济利益需求、内心不满情绪以及村庄脉络延续考虑等因素的影响,但各地不尽相同。农民环境抗争的发起者主要是男性的中年人或者是老年人,主体以老年人和妇女为主;方式主要有环保自力救济、求助媒体和环境信访。总体上来说,这些农民的环境抗争是失败的,暴力性惩罚、劝服性规训以及模仿性屈从这3种"社会—心理"机制的合力作用在极大程度上导致了农民从环境抗争走向集体沉默。

Based on academic related research findings and case studies of peasant environmental protest in eight villages in Guangdong,Anhui and Shanxi Province,the author analyses the reasons,sponsors,important participators,ways and failures about peasants' environmental protest. The author finds that peasant environmental protest are mainly affected by factors including environmental awareness,concerns over health-related risks,demand for economic well-beings,discontent emotion and concerns to preserve the village. Advocates of the peasant protest are mostly elder male villagers and participants are mainly seniors and females with environmental self-aids,media,complaining letters and petitioning as their main efforts. The author also believes that the peasants keep collective silence after their environmental protest greatly because of the social-psychological mechanisms including ″violent punishment″,″prevailed discipline″ and ″imitative surrender″.