新型白色遮阳网对番茄育苗环境及幼苗生长的影响

Effect of New Type White Sunshade Nets on Seedling Environment and Growth of Tomato Seedlings

以番茄品种中杂105为试材,研究了不同遮光率的新型白色遮阳网和传统黑色遮阳网覆盖对网室内温光环境、番茄幼苗生长指标及生理特性的影响。结果表明：随着遮阳网遮光率的降低,网室内光量子通量密度（PFD）、气温、5cm和10cm地温均呈升高趋势。遮光率50%的黑色遮阳网和白色遮阳网的透射光谱明显不同,黑色遮阳网对紫外光的透光率较高,对可见光和红外光的透光率差别不大;而白色遮阳网对紫外光和部分红外光的透光率明显低于可见光。随着遮光率的降低,两种颜色遮阳网处理的番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、干质量、壮苗指数、光合色素含量、根系活力和叶片厚度均增加。综合来看,夏季番茄育苗宜根据实际情况选择遮光率20%-40%的遮阳网,其中遮光率20%的白色遮阳网效果较好。

Taking tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）cultivar‘Zhongza105＇as experimental material,this paper studied the effects of different sun-shade nets and tranditional black sun-shade nets on inside light and temperature environment,tomato seedling growth and physiological properties.The result showed that with the decreasing of shading rate,photon flux density（PFD）,air temperature,5 cm and 10 cm soil temperatures all showed an increasing tendency.Compared with the 50% shading rate of black net,the transmittance of 50% white net was remarkably different.The black sunshade net has higher UV transmittance rate and there were not much differences between the transmittance rates of infrared light and visible light.While the transmittance rates of UV light and part of infrard light of white sun-shade net was significantly lower than the visible light.Therefore,the white sunshade net used as outside shading net of greenhouse could have better cooling effect.Along with the decreasing shading rate,both black and white net treatments were all helpful for increasing plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,total biomass,sound seedling index,root system activity and foliar blade thickness of tomato seedling.Summing up the above,in summer according to the actural condition of tomato seedling development,sunshade nets with shading rate between 20%-40% might be a good choice,among them the white sun-shade net with 20% shading rate had the better effect.