基于DEA—Malmquist模型的高新技术产业发展效率研究

The Development Efficiency of High-Tech Industry Based on DEA-Malmquist Model

基于中国31个省(市、区)1999年—2014年的数据,运用DEA—Malmquist方法分析高新技术产业发展效率及时空演变特征,并对其投入产出指标进行优化.研究表明:1全国层次上,技术效率水平有待提高,纯技术效率对技术效率的影响强于规模效率;省域层次上,东部沿海地区大多实现DEA有效,河北、山西、河南等七个省份技术效率值较低.2高新技术产业生产率水平总体呈上升趋势并以4.2%的年均速度增长;除宁夏、新疆、西藏外,各省的生产率指数均实现优化,技术进步是全要素生产率增长的主要因素,规模效率变化影响较小.3非DEA有效省份普遍存在要素投入冗余情况,各省区可通过优化投资环境、循序淘汰行业落后产能、推进资产重组等措施提高产出效率.

Using the DEA-Malmquist TFP Index,the paper measures the development efficiency and space-time evolution characteristics of high and new technology industry,and optimizes the input and output indicators based on China＇s 31 space unit＇s high-technology industry data from 1999-2014. Research results show as follows： 1. At the national level,the comprehensive technical efficiency remains yet to be improved,and the influence of pure technical efficiency on technical efficiency is stronger than that of scale efficiency; at the provincial level,in most eastern coastal areas,the DEA is effectively implemented while in such seven provinces as Hebei province,Shanxi province and Henan province there is a low technical efficiency. 2. The productivity level of high-tech industry is on the rise with an annual growth rate of 4. 2%; apart from Ningxia province,Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region and Tibet,the productivity indices in other provinces are optimized,and the total factor productivity growth comes mainly from technical progress,with a little change in the influence of scale efficiency.3. There is a widespread phenomenon of input redundancy in non-DEA efficient provinces,but these provinces can improve the output efficiency of high-tech industry by optimizing their investment environment,phasing out backward production capacity and promoting assets restructuring.