碳排放约束下的中国农业生产效率地区差异分解与影响因素

Decomposition and Influence Factors of District Difference of China Agricultural Production Efficiency Under the Constraint of Carbon Emission

基于中国1998—2012年各省市区的面板数据,采用考虑非期望产出的SBM模型,测算了碳排放约束下的中国各省市区的地区农业生产效率,进而利用泰尔指数分解方法与灰色关联分析方法对地区农业生产效率差异的结构性原因与外部影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:1大部分省市区处于农业生产非效率的状态,多数省市区均出现了不同程度的效率下降。2农业生产效率存在较为明显的差异性,多数年份中,差异主要由东中西与东北部区域间的差异所造成。3多数年份中,区域内部的差异是造成整体差异的次要原因,其中,西部区域内各省份的差异在各区域内差异中占比最大。4各影响因素与农业生产效率地区差异的关联度排序由高到低依次为产业结构的地区差异、农业结构的地区差异、灾害影响的地区差异、农村劳动者教育素质的地区差异、城市化水平的地区差异、城乡收入比的地区差异,以及研发创新投入力度的地区差异。

The results are as follows. First, the results show that most of the provinces in China are in the state of agricultural production inefficiency. Most of the provinces are experiencing a decline in the efficiency. Second, there exists an apparent difference in China district agricultural production efficiency. In most of the periods, the inter-regional difference among eastern region, middle region, western region and northeastern region is the major cause of the total difference of agricultural production efficiency in China. Third, in most of the periods, the intra-regional difference is the secondary cause of the total difference of agricultural production efficiency in China. The difference of the agricultural production efficiency in western provinces accounts for the largest part of the intra-regional difference in the four regions. Fourth, from higher to lower, the orders of the correlations between influence factors and the difference of the agricultural production efficiency are as follows： the district difference of industrial structure, the district difference of agricultural structure, the district difference of natural disaster influences, the district difference of educational level of rural labor, the district difference of urbanization, the district difference of urban and rural income ratio, and the district difference of R＆D innovation input level. The related policy implications are discussed based on the results of the empirical study.