基于旅游体验的旅游产业园理论分析与发展误区

Theoretical Analysis and Developing Mistake of Tourism Industrial Park from Perspective of Tourism Experience Theory

以旅游体验和产业集群理论为基础,通过文献研究和实地调研,以广东中旅南海旅游产业园为例,梳理并总结旅游产业园的理论基础和发展误区。研究认为:旅游产业园的核心和本质是提供或服务于提供旅游体验,按内容可划分为主题型、工业型和混合型;其发展的动力机制包括关键因素(资源、产业、区位、制度)与运行规则(市场引导、企业合作、区位重构、政府推动、自我发展);一般而言,旅游产业园由一系列通过纵向支持或横向合作紧密联系的网络组织组成,并形成核心层、主体层、辅助层、外部层四个层级结构。目前,我国旅游产业园发展面临的两大误区是机会主义引致的盲目开发和理论欠缺引致的偏离发展,制度的建设与完善和理论研究与实践的深入结合将有助于旅游产业园的科学发展。

Tourism industrial park has become a highlight around China in the context of tourism industry upgrade and optimization. Based on theories of tourism experience and industrial cluster, this study attempts to theoretically analyze tourism industrial parks and summarize the developing mistakes. Methods of literature analysis and field investigation were utilized, with Nanhai Tourism Industrial Park being the empirical case. Results show that the core and essence of tourism industrial parks is to provide or serve to provide tourism experience. In accordance with the content, tourism industrial parks can be classified into three types： theme-based, industry-based, and mixed tourism industrial parks. As for the dynamic mechanism for the development, it involves critical factors （resource, industry, location, institution） and operational regulations （market guidance, enterprise cooperation, location reconstruction, government promotion, self development）. In general, a tourism industrial park is composed of a series of organizations that are closely related by supporting or cooperating with each other, and then forms a hierarchical structure involving core-level, body-level, auxiliary-level and external-level. Currently, tourism industrial parks in China are facing two kinds of developing mistakes： aimless development caused by opportunism and deviating development resulted from theory deficiency. Possible strategies are institution establishment and improvement, and deeper combination of theoretical studies and practices.