侗族历史观与生态伦理的文化建构及其意义

History View and Constructing the Culture of Eco- ethics of Dong Nationality and Its Significance

侗族的历史发展相对滞后,对历史现象的把握没有规律性的理论形态知识。历史观是通过"雾生""卵生""傍生""投生"这样的文化阐释中反映出来,涉及了创世、人类诞生、人类本质和终极关怀的推测和叙述。由于这种理论与自然界的紧密联系,支撑着侗族生态伦理的建构和实践。首先,侗族把人看成是"栖居"于自然之中的一分子,抑制人类中心主义的膨胀;其次,"投生"的物种交叉循环设定,使自然界中"异类"包含着"同类",有力支持人与自然物之间给出的亲缘性价值关系的设定,限制相应的物种伤害性利用,利于保持生物的多样性;其三,"投生"转世中物种身份性的业缘差异追求,形成向善的理念和行为习惯并投向自然界。

Lacking of development, scientific view of the world and cultural system, the history of Dong nationality shows the irregulative knowledge of theoretical formation. The history view was shown based on ＂Wu Sheng＂, ＂Luan Sheng＂, ＇lPang Sheng＂ and ＂Tou Sheng＂, which included contents of the creation, the birth of human, the nature of human, and ultimate concern. The close contact be- tween the ethics and the nature supported the construction and practice of eco - ethics of Dong nation- ality. Firstly, Dong nationality treated the human being as one of the parts dwelling in the nature, which could restrain the expanding of centralism of human being. Secondly, the species cross circula- tion of ＂Tou Sheng＂ made the heterogeneous and homogeneous objects live together, which has the ben- efit on the affinity of human and the nature, restrain the harmful utilization of different species, keep the biodiversity. Thirdly, ＂Tou Sheng＂ formed the good belief and customs and used in the nature.