长碳链聚酰胺基热塑性弹性体研究进展

Research Progress of Long Carbon Chain Polyamide Based Thermoplastic Elastomers

长碳链聚酰胺基热塑性弹性体(LCPAE)是一种高性能热塑性弹性体,它是由长碳链聚酰胺(LCPA)硬段以及聚醚软段构成的一种嵌段共聚物,通过调节聚酰胺硬段以及聚醚软段的分子量以及相对含量,可以获得一系列的嵌段共聚物,邵氏硬度从25D到70D。由于两种链段在热力学上互不相容,使得该类弹性体具有微相分离的聚集态结构,同时具备LCPA树脂耐磨、强度高、热稳定性好、加工性好以及聚醚材料的低温柔软性、回弹性高等诸多优点。本文综述了1970年以来LCPAE的发展历程、市场现状、国内外研究进展以及相关专利分析,并简要总结了借助原位X射线衍射技术研究LCPAE微观结构与性能的部分进展,其在单轴拉伸外场作用下的聚集态结构演化对于理解其结构性能关系、指导分子结构设计有着重要意义。本文还简要介绍了本实验室使用具有自主知识产权的长碳链聚酰胺PA1012原料设计合成系列LCPAE的工作。文章最后结合已有研究进展,对LCPAE面临的重要科学问题以及产学研协作实现国产化所需解决的实际问题进行了总结与展望。

Long carbon chain polyamide based thermoplastic elastomer （LCPAE） represents a category of highperformance thermoplastic elastomer, consisting of long carbon chain polyamide （LCPA） as hard segments （HS） and polyether as soft segments （SS）. A series of copolymers can be synthesized by adjusting the molecular weight of HS, SS and their relative ratio, covering the Shore hardness from 25D to 70D. Incompatibility of HS and SS renders LCPAE micro- phase separation aggregation state, which leads to a combination of merits of LCPA as anti-abrasion, high mechanical strength, thermal stability, good processability, and that of polyether as flexibility under low temperatures, high resilience. This paper generally reviews the development roadmap, current market situation, domestic and overseas research, related patents of LCPAE since 1970s, briefly summarizes the aggregation structural evolution of LCPAE under uniaxial deformation, investigated by in site X-ray diffraction, which revealed the structure-property relationship of LCPAE, can he referred as instructions for macromolecular design of LCPAE. The achievement of our own lab is also introduced on designing and synthesizing LCPAE by employing indigenous-patented even-even LCPA1012. In the end, outlook and proposal are made on the issues that what scientific problems should be settled for LCPAE and how the collaboration among research institute and domestic enterprise should be streamlined to commercialize LCPAE with independent intellectual property.