美国传统工业大州“去工业化”(1950—1990)——以宾夕法尼亚州为中心的考察

The “Deindustrialization ” of A Traditional Industrial State 1950-1990: An Examination Focused on Pennsylvania

宾夕法尼亚州的"去工业化"是20世纪中期以来美国产业结构和区域经济结构双重调整的缩影,有其典型意义和独特的研究价值。在调整过程中,宾夕法尼亚州政府和地方政府积极应对,并与企业界紧密合作,成功地促成产业转型与制造业内部的升级换代,形成了新的增长模式,高技术和服务业尤其是生产性服务业跃居主导地位,区域经济进入良性循环。与之相适应,城市的空间结构也发生了变化,传统的城市被大都市区取代,经济要素的空间分布体现了城乡统筹发展的态势。

The Deindustrialization of Pennsylvania has epitomized the adjustments of economic sectors and regional economic structures in the U. S. since the middle of the 20 thcentury. During such process,governments actively cooperated with the industry,which facilitated the industrial transformation and upgrade. New growth pattern was formed while high-tech and service industry became dominant. Along with the healthy economy,urban spatial structure changed as well. Traditional cities were replaced by metropolises. The spatial distribution of economic entities reflected the integral development of urban and rural economy.