“文学冷战”:大陆赴港“流亡者”与20世纪50年代美国反共宣传

The Cold War in Literature: US Anti-Communist Propaganda and the Refugees in Hong Kong in the 1950s

冷战初期美国浩大的反中共意识形态运动很大程度上是依靠香港在东亚传媒中的中心地位和大陆赴港"流亡者"这个超大规模移民群体达成的,其中典型的代表即中文反共小说。20世纪50年代,美国驻香港总领馆下属新闻处动员和策划大陆赴港流亡知识分子创作了大量反共文学作品,主题主要是华人青年丧失革命信仰、"流亡者"逃离大陆投奔"自由世界"两类。美方策划的反共文学不仅有反共的宣传作用,还反映了美国的反共意识形态和宗教观念,投射了其自身基于历史与宗教的身份意识。由于相关小说具有"反共意识形态拟人化"的特点,因而对中国大陆和东南亚华人具有一定的宣传效果。

During the 1950 s,United States Information Service-Hong Kong( USIS-Hong Kong) mobilized the refugee Chinese intellectuals to write novels on anti-Communist themes,especially those written for the overseas Chinese students. The information officers of U. S. then covertly published and marketed these novels in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia for the propaganda purpose. The themes,discourses and images constructed in the novels reflected not only anti-Communist ideologies,but also America's own historical,cultural and religious values and ideologies. These novels to some degree worked because of the sophisticated propaganda technique—'personification of anti-Communist ideology'.