氨基酸缺乏诱导细胞自噬及miRNA调控机制

Investigation of Autophagy Induced by Amino Acid Deprivation and the Regulatory Mechanisms of miRNA in Autophagy

氨基酸是生物体内不可缺少的营养成分和生命活动最基本的物质之一,并对动物体的新陈代谢起到至关重要的作用。自噬是细胞内通过降解和回收细胞内生物大分子和受损细胞器,以完成本身代谢和某些细胞器更新的过程。研究证实氨基酸缺乏能诱导细胞自噬,而这种反应大部分是依赖于m TORC1信号通路的方式实现的,但总氨基酸或单体氨基酸调节细胞自噬的分子作用机制和自噬水平有很大差别,且相关方面的分子调节机制尚未完全清楚,需要进一步阐明。mi RNA是一类长度为18-24 nt的非编码核苷酸,参与细胞增殖、分化、自噬与凋亡等多种生命活动。研究表明mi RNA在氨基酸缺乏诱导细胞自噬过程中的也发挥重要调控机制。就不同氨基酸缺乏调控自噬相关机制加以综述,并探讨mi RNA在其中起到的关键作用。旨在为治疗自噬相关代谢提供思路。

Amino acid is a kind of indispensable nutriment and basic material for life activities, and it is critical for animal to maintain physiological function. Autophagy is a pathway to accomplish metabolism and regenerate some organelles by the turnover and recycling of intracellular macromolecules and damaged organelles. The studies confirmed that amino acid deprivation induced the cell autophagy through the mTORC1 signal pathway. However, the molecular mechanism and level ~）f autophagy differ significantly between total and individual amino acid, moreover, the molecular regulatory mechanism is still＇ unclear, and further revealing is necessary, miRNA is non-coding nucleotide with 18-24 nt involving in cell proliferation, differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Recent researches show that miRNA plays an important role in regulating autophagy induced by amino acid deprivation. This paper reviewed the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy by different amino acid deprivation and the key effects of miRNA on autophagy, aim to provide new approach to treat related metablic disease.