美国宪法的力量和弱点——社会系统理论的观察视角

The Strength and Weakness of the U. S. Constitution: Using“Social Systems Theory”as a Perspective of Observation

美国宪法内涵了基本权利体系演化的巨大潜力,通过以权利为中心的宪法技术发展,实现了普通法原则与革命原则的有机结合,从而使美国达到了国家能力建设的历史高度。新自由主义和身份/承认政治的特殊联姻,对战后美国的"新政"宪法秩序形成了巨大冲击。当代美国宪法不仅面临来自内部矛盾的撕裂,其传统依托的"威斯特伐利亚"宪法框架也在全球化潮流中遭遇冲击。全球社会正在经历的深刻结构变迁,预示着美国宪法模式全球化的内在危机。在私法化、全球化与治理化趋势的多重挑战下,美国宪法已经陷入去政治化和泛政治化的双重困境之中。美国宪法的当代困境具有普遍代表性,这要求我们重新思考18世纪的宪法革命遗产,从中寻找新的历史进步动力。

The United States Constitution connotes the great potential of the evolution oi me fundamental rights system, which realizes the organic integration of common law principles and revolution principles by the rights-centered technological development of constitution, and thus makes the United States achieve historical heights in the construction of national capabilities. The special ＂marriage＂ between neoliberalism and identity/recognition politics has a great impact on the formation of the postwar American constitutional order of ＂New Deal＂. Not only has the contemporary American constitution been confronted with an avulsion from inner conflicts, but the traditional constitution framework of ＂Westphalia＂ it depends on is also suffering impacts in the trend of globalization. The whole world is going through a profound structural change, which indicates the internal crisis of American constitution mode＇ s globalization. Under multiple challenges of privatization, globalization and managerialism trend, the U.S. Federal Constitution is facing double troubles between de-politicization and pan-politicalization. The contemporary dilemma of the US Constitution is universally representative, which requires us to rethink about the legacy of constitutional revolution in the 18th century, and look for the new driving force for historical advance.