污染环境与破坏生态侵权责任的再法典化思考

Reflections on the Recodification of China Tort Liability Law for Environmental Pollution and Ecological Destruction

我国未来民法典分则侵权责任编应该增加破坏生态侵权责任的规定。新增的破坏生态侵权责任应适用无过错责任原则与因果关系举证责任倒置规则。在数人环境、生态侵权中,应该扩大连带责任的适用范围。除严格比例因果关系下适用按份责任外,其他数人环境、生态侵权应该适用连带责任。在企业法人等环境、生态侵权案件中,有过错的特定个人与该法人承担连带责任。环境、生态侵权诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼的保护范围不同,是两种不同的制度,环境、生态侵权责任较环境民事公益诉讼责任应优先受偿。

The rules of tort liability for ecological destruction should be provided in the chapter of Tort Liability in China Civil Code. The new provisions of liability for ecological destruction should adopt the doctrine of no- fault liability, but in the allocation of burden of proof, reversal of the onus of proof way. If an environmental tort is committed by multiple tortfeasors, the application scope of joint liability should be enlarged, and only in some exceptional cases the doctrine of liability by shares is applied. If an environmental tort is committed by both legal persons and natural persons, the individuals at fault and legal persons should bear joint liability. Environmental tort litigations differ from the environmental civil public interest litigations in their legislative purpose, and the former enjoy the priority right in compensation to the latter.