甲骨缀合提供的两条罕见辞例

Rejoining Fragments of Oracle Bone Inscriptions:Two Rare Examples

通过缀合而来的新材料对甲骨卜辞的研究意义重大,这是学界公论。文中的两则缀合,分别在田猎、气象两方面为甲骨文研究提供了新信息。第一则是《美国所藏甲骨录》484与《甲骨文合集》27898的缀合。缀合后,得出了"斿犬师"的完整称谓,由此可知名字为"师"的犬官是"斿"地之犬官;而且从卜辞内容看,其与《合集》28799应当是商王在连续几天里田猎活动的占卜记录。《美藏》484在以往研究中不被学者重视,但其内容重要,不可小觑,对于研究殷商的田猎地名、田猎地距离以及地名结构,都有所帮助。第二则是《甲骨文合集补编》4393与《甲骨文录》136的缀合。缀合以后,首次出现"启既"的辞例,与以往卜辞用"既"和"雨"组合而成的短语表示祈求雨天结束的气象用语不同,可丰富卜辞关于气象语言习惯的研究。

New materials obtained through rejoining fragments are important to researches on oracle bone inscriptions. The current author introduces two examples of rejoining that give new insight about hunting and weather in the Shang dynasty. By rejoining no. 484 in Oracle Bone Collections in the United States [ 美国所藏甲骨录 ] and no. 27898 in A Collection of Oracle Bone Inscriptions [ 甲骨文合集 ], the complete phrase ＂斿犬师＂ can be obtained, meaning ＂animal husbandry official named ‘ 师 ＇ at the place named ‘ 斿 ＇＂. This rejoined inscription and no. 28799 in A Collection of Oracle Bone Inscriptions record the Shang king＇s hunting activities in successive days. Although inscription no. 484 in A Collection of Oraacle Bone Inscriptions has been neglected by many researchers, it contributes to studies on Shang place names associated with hunting, distances between places and structure of place names. The other example is the rejoining of no. 4393 in Supplement to A Collection of Oracle Bone Inscriptions [ 甲骨文合集补编 ] and no. 136 in Interpretations of Oracle Bone Inscriptions [ 甲骨文录 ]. The phrase ＂启既＂, which is seen for the first time, is different from previous meteorological terms praying for the end of rain with the characters ＂既＂ and ＂雨＂.