随州文峰塔曾侯與墓A组编钟铭文拾遗

Further Interpretation of Inscription on Group A Bronze Chime Bells from Tomb of Zeng Hou Yu in Suizhou

近年来,湖北省随州市文峰塔东周墓地出土了一批有铭青铜器。其中曾侯與墓出土的A组编钟铭文具有重要的史料价值。本文在学界已有研究基础上,对该篇铭文的疑难文句进行进一步考释,并对所涉及的一些地理和历史问题进行初步探索。"达殷之命",应训为废黜殷之天命。"汭土",指一区域范围,非专有地名。而根据"江夏"地望及"淮夷"所处地区,可判断"汭土"指随枣走廊东部的随州一带。"坒"应作"庀"讲;"君庀淮夷",即统治淮夷地区。"乃加于楚",系承前省略"乱"字;"加于楚",即加乱于楚。"有严曾侯,业业厥圣",意为威严的曾侯,忧虑恐惧,敬神和民,进智者、退谗佞,记叙曾侯因忧惧而勤勉进取的情状。"复定楚王,曾侯之灵",正常语序当为"曾侯之灵,复定楚王",谓凭借曾侯的福祐,才安定了楚王。

A number of inscribed bronzes have been unearthed in recent years from Eastern Zhou tombs at Wenfengta, Suizhou, Hubei province. Among them, the group A chime bells from tomb of Zeng Hou Yu have important historical value. Based on previous researches, the current author interprets difficult sentences in the inscription and explores related geographical and historical issues. ＂达殷之命 ＂ should be interpreted as abrogating Shang dynasty＇s mandate of heaven. ＂汭土＂ refers to a region and is not a place name. According to the location of Jiangxia and areas of activity of the Huaiyi people, ＂汭 土＂ is located in the Suizhou region in the east of the Suizhou-Zaoyang Corridor. ＂坒＂ can be read as ＂庀＂ and ＂君庀淮夷＂ means ＂to rule the region of Huaiyi＂. In ＂乃加于楚＂, the character ＂乱＂ has been omitted; ＂加于楚＂ means ＂to make the Chu state suffer from war＂. ＂有严曾侯 业业厥圣＂ can be translated as： ＂The majestic ruler of Zeng state was worried and fearful, worshiped god, harmonized people, recruited wise men and dismissed flattering people＂. ＂复定楚王 曾侯之灵＂ in its normal word order should be ＂曾侯之灵 复定楚王＂, meaning ＂the blessings of Zeng Hou made the king of Chu settle down＂. The inverted word order is possibly aimed at rhyming.