三种猎物对蠋蝽生长发育和繁殖的影响

Effects of Three Prey Species on Development and Fecundity of the Predaceous Stinkbug Arma chinensis(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

为比较黏虫幼虫、米蛾幼虫、柞蚕蛹3种替代猎物对于饲喂蠋蝽的营养适合性,在室内测定了3种猎物的营养组成以及蠋蝽取食3种猎物后的发育历期、体重、体长、繁殖力等生物学参数,为扩繁蠋蝽提供依据。结果表明,蠋蝽取食3种猎物均能正常完成世代发育。体重、体长、性比不受食物处理的影响。蠋蝽在取食黏虫和柞蚕蛹时,其发育历期、存活率、产卵量、卵孵化率等指标无显著差异。蠋蝽取食米蛾时,卵孵化至成虫的发育历期为29.88 d,明显长于取食黏虫和柞蚕蛹的蠋蝽,历期分别为25.57和26.15 d;世代单雌平均产卵量为231.44粒,显著低于取食黏虫与柞蚕的360.00和441.00粒;成虫获得率为23.78%,极显著低于取食黏虫与柞蚕的获得率60.00%和60.56%;然而雌、雄虫寿命均较取食黏虫与柞蚕有所延长。综上所述,黏虫幼虫可作为室内扩繁蠋蝽的猎物。

The generalist predaceous stinkbug Arma chinensis（Fallou） is a kind of valuable natural enemy for insect pest control. To find appropriate prey species to propagate A. chinensis, we investigated the suitability of nymphs of Mythimna separata（Walker）, larvae of Corcyra cephalonica（Stainton）, and pupae of Antheraea pernyi（Guerin-Meneville） as substitutive prey for A. chinensis. We examined development time, body size（weight and length）, fecundity, oogenesis rate, longevity and other life history parameters of A. chinensis feeding on the three prey species. We also analyzed contents of main nutrients in the three prey species. The stinkbug was able to complete development on all the three prey species. Body size and sexual ratio of the stinkbug were not affected by the prey species. There were no significant differences in development time, survival rate, fecundity, and egg hatch rate between the stinkbug reared on M. separata and A. pernyi. However, the stinkbug reared on C. cephalonica had longer development time and lower survival rate and fecundity compared with those reared on M. separata and A. pernyi. The developmental duration from egg to adult of the stinkbug was 29.88 d when reared on C. cephalonica, in contrast to 25.57 d and 26.15 d of the stinkbug reared on M. separata and A. pernyi, respectively. Life-time fecundity of the stinkbug was 231.44 when reared on C. cephalonica, while it was 360.00 and 441.00 when the stinkbug were reared on M. separata and A. pernyi, respectively. Adult harvest rate was 23.78% for the stinkbug reared on C. cephalonica, significantly lower than those reared on M. separata（60.00%） and A. pernyi（60.56%）. However, the longevity of female adults of stinkbug reared on C. cephalonica was longer than those reared on M. separata and A. pernyi. The results suggest that M. separata can be a substitutive prey for mass rearing A. chinensis in biological control programs.