科学本质教学研究的国际进展与趋势

Progress and Trends of International Research on the Teaching of NOS

正确理解科学本质是科学素养的重要内容,也是科学教育的重要目标。国际上科学本质教学研究方兴未艾,近年来的研究显示,科学本质教学内容侧重于那些与科学实践有关的实用性科学本质,且不同国家呈现出差异性;教学情境的设计与开发主要集中于针对科学与社会关系的议题(即社会性科学议题)、强调人类实践问题解决的科学史、科学探究性资源以及学生日常生活中常见的科学与伪科学话题;教学方法主要采用含有学生反思的明示法与情境化相结合、案例教学和角色扮演等。此外,研究发现科学本质教学受到文化和教师科学本质教学观念等多种因素的影响。未来与实践相关的科学本质教学策略研究将被重视,针对非西方国家学生的教学方法研究将得到加强。

Understanding on the nature of science （NOS） is often considered as a significant component of their scientific literacy, which is the major goal of science education across the world. Studies of the teaching of NOS always are emphasized. In the recent years, the teaching contents of NOS focuse practical views of NOS with relation of science practices. The designing and developing about the teaching contexts of NOS mainly concentrate on socio-scientific issue, history of science, science inquiring, and pseudoscience. The teaching methods of NOS mainly adopt explicit and reflective methods, case teaching and roleplay. What is more, studies discovered the teaching of NOS is affected by culture and teachers＂ views of teaching NOS. The trends of future researches will attach importance to practical NOS and the methods of teaching aiming at non-western students.