中国儿童的意外伤害——兼论母亲特征及其照护的作用

Unintentional Injuries of Children in China :Effects of Mother’s Characteristics and of Mother as Main Caregiver

文章使用2014年中国计划生育家庭发展追踪调查数据，分析0～5周岁儿童意外伤害状况，特别关注母亲特征及其照护的作用。研究发现，儿童个人特征是显著影响儿童意外伤害发生率和多种类型意外伤害发生率的重要因素。母亲拥有大专及以上教育程度有助于降低儿童意外伤害发生率：相比较母亲务农的孩子，母亲非农就业和未就业的孩子的意外伤害发生可能性均显著更低；母亲年龄越大，儿童越不可能发生多种类型意外伤害。主要由母亲照料的情形下，儿童的意外伤害发生可能性会显著下降。研究还针对全面两孩政策普遍实施背景下女性家庭和工作的冲突进行了讨论，指出增强父亲的照料参与，同时加强儿童友好型的社会抚幼设施建设，将有助于兼顾家庭发展与儿童保护。

Drawing upon the 2014 survey data on China＇ s Family Planning Families, this paper studies unintentional injuries of children at age 0 - 5, focusing on effects of mother＇ s characteristics and of mother as main caregiver. Results show that children＇ s personal characteristics are important factors that significantly influence incidence rate of overall unintentional injuries and of multiple types of uninten- tional injuries. The rate is significantly lower when the children＇ s mother has college or above educa- tional level~ compared with farming mothers＇ children, children whose mother with an non-agricultural job or with no job have significantly lower rate~ the older the mothers, the less likely their children suffer from multiple types of unintentional injuries~ the probability of children suffer from unintentional injuries would drop if mother is the main caregiver. The work-family conflict of mothers is discussed under the background of implementation of the two-child fertility policy. Increasing fathers＇ participation in child＇ s care and improving social childcare facilities would contribute to family development and children pro- tection, as well as reducing care burden of mothers and of grandparents.