大气污染对儿童肺通气功能及唾液溶菌酶含量的影响

Effects of air pollution on pulmonary ventilation function and saliva lysozyme of children

目的探讨哈尔滨市大气污染对儿童唾液溶菌酶含量及肺功能的影响。方法于2014—2015年在哈尔滨市两个城区测定大气PM2.5浓度,分别在距离监测点500~1 000 m处选择1所小学,对602名儿童进行肺功能、唾液溶菌酶测定及问卷调查。结果污染区（道外区）儿童唾液溶菌酶含量及肺功能指标最大通气量（MVV）低于清洁区（道里区）,阻塞指数（OI）高于清洁区,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。污染区不同年级儿童肺活量（VC）、用力肺活量（FVC）、中间呼气流量（MMF）、峰值流量（PEF）、75%用力呼气流量（FEF75）、MVV等肺功能指标随着年级的增加而升高,清洁区不同年级儿童VC、FVC、1 s用力呼气容积（FEV1）、OI、MVV等肺功能指标随着年级的增加而升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。污染区儿童唾液溶菌酶含量均低于同年级的清洁区儿童;污染区3年级儿童肺功能指标OI高于清洁区,MVV低于清洁区;污染区4年级儿童肺功能指标VC、FVC、FEV1、FEF75、MVV均低于清洁区;污染区5年级儿童肺功能指标FVC低于清洁区;上述差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。污染区男生肺功能指标VC、FVC、FEV1、MMF、PEF、FEF75、MVV均高于女生,OI低于女生,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。清洁区男生肺功能指标VC、FEV1、MMF、PEF、FEF75、MVV均高于女生,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。污染区儿童唾液溶菌酶含量均低于清洁区同性别学生;污染区男生肺功能指标OI低于清洁区,污染区女生肺功能指标FVC、MVV低于清洁区;上述差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。偏相关分析结果显示,大气PM2.5浓度与唾液溶菌酶含量呈负相关,与肺功能指标VC、FVC、MVV呈负相关,与OI呈正相关,均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论大气污染可降低唾液溶菌酶含量及儿童肺通气功能,应注意防范。

Objective To explore the effects of air pollution on pupils＇ pulmonary ventilation function and saliva lysozyme.Methods In Daowai district（pollution area） and Daoli districts（clean area） of Harbin city, 602 pupils were chosen, the pulmonary function test, saliva lysozyme determination and questionnaires were conducted. Results In the pollution area（Daowai district）, saliva lysozyme content of children was lower than that of the clean area（Daoli district）（P〈0.01）. Some of lung function indexes, such as MVV, OI and ATI, among children in pollution area and clean area were significant different（P〈0.05）; Lung function indexes between different grades of the same area had a significant difference（P〈0.05）. Compared with the same grade students in different areas, saliva lysozyme content was different（P〈0.01）, some lung function index analysis results were different also（P 0.05）. Lung function indexes between different genders of the same area had a significant difference（P 0.05）. Compared with the same gender students in clean area, in pollution area, saliva lysozyme content was lower（P〈0.01）, and lung function index,such as FVC, MVV, between the girls and pulmonary function index OI, ATI between boys in different districts were different（P〈0.05）. PM2.5was negatively correlated with saliva lysozyme content（P〈0.01） and also was correlated with lung function index, such as VC, FVC, OI, ATI and MVV. Conclusion Atmospheric pollution can inhibit the saliva lysozyme content and lung ventilation function in children.