天津市农村居民腹泻发病环境影响因素研究

Environmental influence factors of diarrhea in rural area of Tianjin

目的了解天津市农村居民腹泻发病的环境影响因素,为制订干预措施提供依据。方法于2011—2015年按照分层随机抽样方法,抽取天津市2个区县的800户农村家庭进行调查,收集居民基本情况、家庭饮水情况、环境卫生状况、行为习惯情况及两周内腹泻发生情况,并进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果调查的800户家庭中,两周内发生腹泻22户,占2.75%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,影响家庭腹泻发生的环境和行为因素包括使用非卫生厕所（OR=5.29,95%CI：2.12-13.21）、饮生水（OR=7.31,95%CI：2.94-18.21）和饭前便后不洗手（OR=3.29,95%CI：1.23-8.77）。结论应改善农村环境卫生,加强健康教育,以便有效控制农村居民腹泻发生。

Objective To investigate the environmental influencing factors of diarrhea in rural area of Tianjin. Methods The information on demographic characteristics, drinking water, environmental sanitation, habits and behaviors and diarrhea incidences were collected from 800 households in two counties by stratified and random sampling. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Results The two-week incidences of rural households diarrhea was 2.75%（22/800）. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the types of household toilets（OR =5.29, 95% CI：2.12-13.21）, drinking untreated water（OR=7.31,95%CI：2.94-18.21） and the habit of washing hands（OR=3.29, 95%CI：1.23-8.77） were the risk factors of diarrhea. Conclusion The epidemic situation of diarrhea can be controlled with well improved rural environmental sanitation and strengthened health education.