风水复合侵蚀研究进展与展望

Progress and Prospect of Research on Wind-water Complex Erosion

风水复合侵蚀是干旱、半干旱区一种常见的土壤侵蚀类型,是风水两相外营力相互耦合驱动下发生的地表物质再分配过程。在辨析风水复合侵蚀类型的基础上,将风水复合侵蚀影响因子归结为侵蚀动力因子、土壤抗蚀性因子与干扰因子,并分析了影响因子间的互馈关系;从全球尺度、区域尺度和局地尺度,总结了风水复合侵蚀在空间尺度上的差异;评述了风水共同侵蚀过程中侵蚀力与侵蚀能量的叠加效应,风水交替侵蚀过程中侵蚀力与侵蚀能量的交替性特征,以及下垫面和干扰因子对风水复合侵蚀的响应;阐述了风力与水力侵蚀在总侵蚀量中的贡献比率与两者叠加所产生的耦合效应;认为风水复合侵蚀实验研究是认识风水复合侵蚀过程与机理的基础,应将风水复合侵蚀过程段研究扩展到全过程研究,同时加强下垫面在风水复合侵蚀中的响应机制以及水蚀与风蚀间的抑制效应研究,以期达到全面客观地认识风水复合侵蚀过程与机制的目的。

Wind-water complex erosion is a common type of soil erosion in arid and semi-arid regions. It is a process of material redistribution on soil surface driven by synergistic effects between two-phase exogenic forces of wind and water. Firstly, based on analysis of types of wind-water complex erosion, we divided the impact factors into erosion factor, soil anti-erodibility factor and disturbance factor, and elaborated mutual feedback relationship among the impact factors. Secondly, from the perspectives of global scale, regional scale and local scale, we summarized differences of wind-water complex erosion in spatial scale. Thirdly, we reviewed superpositions of erosivity and erosion energy of wind and rain in wind-water joint erosion, alter- nation of driving forces, responses of underlying surface and disturbance factors to wind-water alternating e- rosion, and elaborated the contribution of the two driving forces in total erosion amounts and its synergistic effects in wind-water alternating erosion. Finally, wind-water complex erosion based on experiment is con- sidered as foundation for understanding the process and mechanism of wind-water complex erosion. In future research, we need to expand studies of the process segments to the whole process, enhance studies of the response of underlying surface in the complex erosion, attach importance to restraining effect between wind and water erosion, to understand the process and mechanism of wind-water complex erosion comprehensive- ly and objectively.