影响锂离子电池电极性能的一些因素

Some Factors Affecting Electrode Performance for Lithium-Ion Batteries

在我国大气污染日益严重的情况下,新能源汽车普及的趋势正在增强。作为新能源汽车核心组件的锂离子电池模块,其各方面性能的改善一直是研究的关键问题。锂离子电池电极主要由正负极活性材料、粘结剂和导电剂三个部分组成。各个组分之间的协同作用对于发挥电极的最佳物理化学性能起着非常重要的作用。具有优良性能的电极才能保证锂离子电池在服役过程中充分发挥活性材料的潜能,满足实际应用的需求。作为电极中的脱嵌锂材料,活性材料本身的物理化学性质对于锂离子电池的性能具有重要意义。此外,电极中非活性材料的选择、电极各组分的比例、电极制备的工艺等也会对于锂离子电池的电化学性能、安全性能和制造成本产生影响。本文从锂离子电池电极的制备工艺入手,总结了导电剂的选择、电极组分配比、材料的预处理和电极结构设计这四个方面的一些研究进展,对电极制备过程中的关键控制点进行了详细的论述,同时针对以上问题提出了几点建议。

As air pollution is getting worse in China, the spreading trend of new energy vehicles is growing. Since lithium-ion battery is the core component of new energy vehicles, improvement of its performance has always been a critical subject. Lithium-ion battery e- lectrode is a composite of active material, polymeric binder, and conductive additive. Cooperation among the different components plays a subtle and important role in determining the physical and electrochemical properties of the electrode. An optimized electrode could take full advantage of the active material to satisfy application requirements. As a Li-intercalation material in the electrode, the physicochemical property of active material plays a very important role in the performance of lithium-ion battery. Furthermore, non-ac- tive material and preparation process of electrode also have significant effect on the electrochemical performance, safety performance and production cost of lithium-ion battery. In this article, the research progress in choosing conductive additives, compounding ratio, pretreatment of materials and electrode design was summarized. Some critical control points during the preparation of electrode were also discussed in detail and several suggestions about electrode preparation were proposed.