内在激励VS外在激励:如何激发个体的创新行为

Extrinsic Incentive Versus Intrinsic Incentive:How to Increase Individuals' Innovative Behavior

研究采用元分析技术,收集相关中英文文献,探讨外在激励和内在激励对个体创新行为的影响、中介机制及东西方文化的调节作用,并比较两种激励模式对个体创新行为的作用差异。结果显示:(1)与认知学派持有的观点不同,本研究发现,外在激励并未损害个体创新行为,而是通过正向影响个体内在动机进而促进个体的创新行为;(2)内在激励通过正向影响个体内在动机,进而提高个体的创新行为;(3)基于情感适应的原则,与内在激励相比,外在激励对创新行为的作用效果相对较小;(4)外在激励对个体创新行为的作用存在显著国别差异,中国情境下外在激励对个体创新行为的影响更大。

Based on meta-analysis approach, related literatures from Chinese and English researches were integrated to discuss the effects of extrinsic incentive and intrinsic incentive on individuals＇ innovative behavior, regarding intrinsic motivation as the mediator and country as the moderator. The results show that contrast to the prediction of the self-determination theory, extrinsic incentive is positively related to individuals＇ innovative behavior through the effect of intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic incentive, including job meaningfulness and job autonomy, is positively related to individuals＇ innovative behavior through the effect of intrinsic motivation. Based on the principle of emotional adaptation, and compared with intrinsic incentive, extrinsic incentive has less effect on individuals＇ innovative behavior. The positive relationships between extrinsic incentive and individuals＇ innovative behavior are stronger in Chinese samples.