孔子与汉语训诂学

Confucius and Chinese Exegetics

春秋时期周代礼坏乐崩,学下民间,孔子创办私学,除短期从政外,大部时间用以传道授徒。作为儒学开派大师,孔子在长期学术研究和教学中,初步形成系统的训诂理念,秉持基本训诂方法,培植朴学风格,为后世传统语言学、特别是汉语训诂学导夫先路,确立范式。汉代的注释训诂,宋代的义理训诂,清代的考据训诂,虽离合损益有之,多未出其范围。孔子实为中国文献训诂第一大家。

Confucius devoted himself mostly to education as a founder of private school besides a short-time participation in politics in the Spring and Autumn Period when etiquette and music collapsed in the Zhou Dynasty. As the forerunner of Confucianism, Confucius preliminary created a system of exegetical methods in his long-term academic and teaching practice. He developed and established the model of exegetics, especially exegetics in the Han Dynasty, with his basic methods and realistic style. The notes exegesis of the Han Dynasty, the truth exegesis of the Song Dynasty, and the textual exegesis of the Qing Dynasty were within his range, although there were some changes in it. Confucius is indeed the first master of exegetics of Chinese literature.