儒家伦理治道逻辑的权治观照

Governance logic of Confucian ethics:a study based on rule of power

如果从行政治理视域来分析,无论德治、人治、还是法治,权力总是治理过程中必然要采纳的形式。在这一普遍形式下,不同历史时期包含不同的治理内容。儒家伦理的治理逻辑建立在"以德配天"的基础上。它以天人相通为起点,以天谴论为中介,以天人感应为沟通,从而赋予君主专制权力以神圣性。在解决了这样一个合理性基础之后,就必然要求统治者行仁政德治,而德治之关键就在于"保民"、"养民"、"教民"。在实际的治理过程中,因为中国古代社会的特殊历史境遇,德治又不可避免地蜕化为人治。但人治的不稳定性、偶然性与任意性使得它必然为法治所否定。

Power is a must in administration whether it be the rule of virtue,man or law. The governance logic of Confucian ethics is the divine right of kings. This logic requires the policy of benevolence and a good government,which highlights peoplecentric leadership. The situation of ancient China showed that the rule of virtue was reduced to the rule of man. And the high degree of uncertainty in rule of man went against the rule of law.