儿童支气管哮喘的新生儿期危险因素分析

Risk factors analysis of childhood bronchial asthma in the neonatal period

目的探讨影响儿童支气管哮喘发生的新生儿期危险因素。方法选择156例哮喘患儿为观察组,同期出生的203例健康儿童为对照组,收集两组儿童出生时情况,包括胎龄、分娩方式(阴道分娩或剖宫产)、本次胎数(单胎或双胎)、出生体重、体表缺陷(出生时肉眼可看到的器官异常)、窒息(1分钟Apgar评分≤7分)、胎盘粗糙(肉眼见胎盘表面部分粗糙,有胎盘剥离不全、粘连或伴钙化)。结果观察组和对照组在胎龄、出生体重、分娩方式、1分钟Apgar评分、胎盘粗糙等因素方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组性别、胎数、体表缺陷等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,早产、剖宫产、胎盘粗糙为儿童哮喘的独立危险因素。结论胎盘粗糙、早产、剖宫产等因素可能与儿童支气管哮喘发生相关。

Objective To explore the risk factors influencing childhood bronchial asthma during neonatal period. Methods Selected 156 cases of childhood bronchial asthma as observation group and 203 cases of healthy children who were born in the same period as control group. Birth state of newborns including gestational age, birth way （vaginal delivery or cesarean section）, the number of tire （single or double）, birth weight, surface defects （abnomarl organs can be seen by naked eye）, asphyxia （1 rain Apgar score~〈7 points）, placenta rough （see placenta part of rough surface to the naked eye, the placenta stripping is not complete, adhesion or with calcification） in two groups were collected. Results There were statistically significant differences in gestational age, birth weight, mode of delivery, Apgar score at 1 rain, rough placental factors between the observation group and the control group （P〈0.05）; the two groups had no statistically significant in gender, fetus number, surface defects （P〉0.05）; multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preterm birth, cesarean section, rough placenta as independent risk factors of bronchial asthma in children. Conclusion The factors such as placenta rouzh, premature labor and cesarean section may be related to the occurrence of bronchial asthma in children.