“恢复”与“继承”:孙吴的天命正统与天下秩序

Choice between “Restoration”and “Inheritance”:Construction of the Destiny and Tian-Xia Order in the Eastern Wu Dynasty

汉末建安年间,孙策与继位的孙权皆以匡复汉室为号召,至曹丕、刘备相继称帝之际,孙权回避了从汉或从魏的选项,选择在短暂臣从曹魏后继续维持现状。其后孙权终于称帝,但仍无法建构与汉朝的五德次序连结,遂着重于天命、祥瑞与谶纬等方面的论述。另一方面,孙权借由与蜀汉的结盟,名义上继承了汉朝的天下,至孙晧时更进一步将地方长官与诸侯安置于境外各处,以象征孙吴是天下唯一的正统。

During the Three Kingdoms period, Eastern Wu had the weakest relationship with the Han Dynasty and at- tempted to achieve legitimacy at the end of the dynasty. Previously, Sun Ce and Sun Quan had claimed to have restored the Han Dynasty. But Sun Quan himself sought to be emperor and eventually abandoned all possibility of rebuilding the Han Dynasty. Nevertheless, Eastern Wu had no inheritance relationship with the Han Dynasty. As a result, Sun Quan did not use the theory of five virtues, but instead employed a lot of divination and auspicious omens in an attempt to prove that Eastern Wu was the only orthodox dynasty in tian-xia （ under heaven）. On the other hand, Sun Quan allied with Shu Han so that Eastern Wu could ＂succeed＂ the territory of Han.