唐代书判拔萃科的设置、沿革及其影响

On the Establishment,Evolution and Influence of Shupanbacuike in the Tang Dynasty

书判拔萃科是吏部继平判入等科之后设置的第二个科目,与平判入等科有明显的区别,起初是制举科目,大足元年以后吏部始设此科,虽不及博学鸿词科崇重,及第人数也不及平判入等科多。士人以拔萃科及第释褐,授官的高低、清浊并不看重此前的进士、明经或者门荫等出身因素,主要看参加拔萃科考试的等第。但以拔萃科及第迁转时,所授官要看前任官的职望和品阶,以及拔萃科等第的高低,与其最初是否以进士、明经或门荫出身的关系不是很明显,进士兼拔萃科出身在士人迁转中优于明经兼拔萃科。不过,以制举、门荫兼拔萃科及第迁转中央官者,却要优于前进士、明经兼拔萃科出身者,多为京县尉、拾遗等最为清显的基层官和中层官。

Shupanbacuike was the second subject launched by the Ministry of Official Personnel Affairs in the Tang Dynasty and differed from the first subject Pingpanrudengke. It was set up after the Dazu Period initially as a subject of Zhi- jv. Instead of factors such as family background, the candidates of Bacuike paid more attention to their performance in the examination. However, the rank of the predecessors and the results of the examination were crucial factors when the candi- dates were promoted or transferred. Bacuidengke had a strong influence on the talent selection system in the late Tang Dy- nasty. It was easier for scholars of Jinshi and Bacuike to obtain a promotion or reappointment than scholars of Ming/ing and Bacuike. Compared with the number of scholars, the number of Zhijv, Menyin and Bacuike was less than the two mentioned above, but they had advantages in gaining promotions or reappointments to central government posts, especially to feather- bed entry-level and middle-level posts, such as county posts. It was one of the effective ways to promotions for local offi- cials seeking office in the capital city and its environs, and many officials even attained the top position in the central gov- ernment.