基于树枝状聚合物构建的核酸载体研究进展

Recent Progress of Nucleic Acid Vector Based on Dendritic Polymers

安全有效的基因载体对于基因治疗有着重要的应用价值.相对于病毒性基因载体,非病毒基因载体具有低免疫原性、易于大规模生产和成本较低的特性,因而受到越来越多的关注,但是非病毒基因载体在转染效率和选择性方面有一定的限制性.综述了基于树枝状聚合物构建的基因载体的研究进展,包括:(i)树枝状及其衍生材料;(ii)与超分子母体材料,如环糊精、葫芦脲结合的的树枝状聚合物基因载体;(iii)与无机材料结合的树枝状聚合物载体,如金纳米粒子、氧化铁纳米粒子以及石墨烯等结合的树枝状聚合物构建的基因载体;(iv)功能响应性的树枝状聚合物载体,如p H响应型、二硫键响应型、氧化还原型以及氟代化树枝状基因载体.

Secure and efficient gene carrier has important application in gene therapy. Compared with viral gene vectors, non-viral gene vec-tor has attracted much attention because of their low immunogenicity, easy mass production and low costs. However, they showed limited activity in transfection efficiency and selectivity. This paper reviewed recent research progress in dendritic poly-mers gene carriers, including （ⅰ） dendritic and derived materials, （ⅱ） supramolecular parent materials, such as the carrier combined with cyclodextrins, and cucurbituril in multivariate and block type pattern, （ⅲ） dendritic polymers gene vector combined with inorganic material, such as gold nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles and graphene, and （ⅳ） functional response type dendritic polymers gene vector, such as the pH response type vector, two disulfide response type vector, redox hyperbranched gene carrier and fluorinated dendrimers as gene vectors.