探索中前行-中药材病害研究概况与思考

Plant diseases of traditional Chinese medicines:20 years of progress in research on understanding and management

中医药是我国医学的特色,中药资源是中医药事业发展的物质基础,在国务院颁布的《中药材保护和发展规划》(2015-2020年)中,中药材首次被确立为我国的战略性资源。大量的中药材在田间生产及加工贮藏过程中存在病害问题,严重影响了中药材的产量和质量。我国药用植物病害研究经历了几十年的历程,在2000年之前,由于中药行业整体不受重视,研究的药材及其病害种类均极为有限,发表的研究论文很少。近10年来,随着中药在国内外的认可度提升和需求量增加,中药材栽培种类和面积急速扩大,病害研究的队伍和研究水平均有所增强。在研究方向和内容上主要集中在病原鉴定和防治技术方面,研究思路延续植物病理学的一般规律,针对药用植物特色的研究比较薄弱。本文总结了近20年以来我国中药材病害的研究概况,针对存在的问题,提出在人力不足和经费投入有限的情况下,要针对中药材病害发生的重点难点问题以及行业的需求,重点加强病害与中药材质量与安全性相关的基础性研究,加快先进技术的引入,提高研究效率和深度,为中药材病害防治提供理论基础和技术指导。

Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）has been used for millennia in China.As the source of TCM,medicinal plant is the basis for Chinese medicine development.In 2015,TCM is firstly regarded as the strategic resource in＂Protection and development of Chinese herbal medicine（2015-2020）＂by the State Council of China.The occurrence of diseases seriously reduces the quantity and quality of TCM during the production,processing and storage stage.Since TCM has not been given considerable attention,little phytopathological research has been done in our country until 2000.In the recent 10 years,TCM has been more and more accepted worldwide and its demand is increasing.Cultivation area and species of medicinal plants are expanded in China.The research teams and research papers have been increasing rapidly.The previous studies have been focused on pathogen identification and prevention or control technology.The research ideas mainly follow the general rule of plant pathology,while the research on the characteristics of medicinal plants is weak.Here,we summarize the research progress in plant diseases of TCM in recent 20 years.Based on the present situation,we suggest that the major problems of TCM plant disease occurrence and the requirements of industry should be focused,the basic research on plant diseases related to TCM quality and safety be strengthened,advanced technology be accelerated,and research efficiency and depth be improved.All of the efforts would provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for TCM disease management.