黄河三角洲地区棉田杂草组成及其群落特征

Species composition and characterization of weed communities in cotton fields in Yellow River delta

采用倒置"W"九点取样法对黄河三角洲棉田杂草种类及其群落结构进行了调查,并进行物种多样性分析。结果表明:黄河三角洲棉田杂草有61种,隶属于19科、47属,其中菊科杂草最多,有13种;其次是禾本科,有9种。优势杂草有马唐、芦苇、马齿苋、牛筋草、鳢肠、打碗花、藜、稗、铁苋菜和白茅10种,区域性优势杂草有6种,常见杂草3种,一般杂草42种。从区域分布来看,垦利、广饶、河口等地杂草丰富度指数、香农指数、辛普森指数、均匀度指数普遍较高。从聚类分析结果来看,该地区棉田杂草群落变化与空间距离、地理环境、种植模式等因素有密切关系。东营和利津两区县聚类分析的欧氏距离最小,为10.5;黄河南岸的高青和黄河三角洲其他县区之间欧氏距离最大,为23.4。

Weed survey was conducted to determine the weed communities composition and characterization in cotton fields in Yellow River delta using the inverted W-pattern method.Weed species diversity was also analyzed.The results showed that there were totally 61 weed species belonging to 19 families,47 genera in cotton fields in Yellow River delta.Among them,13 species belong to Compositae,and9 species belong to Gramineae.Digitaria sanguinalis,Phragmites australis,Portulaca oleracea,Eleusine indica,Eclipta prostrata,Calystegia hederacea,Chenopodium album,Echinochloa crusgalli,Acalypha australis,Imperata cylindrica were considered as dominant weeds.In addition to the above 10 species,there were 6 kinds of regional dominant weeds,3 kinds of common weeds and 42 kinds of normal weeds.According to the regional distribution,the Margalef＇s richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,Pielou index of weed species of cotton fields in Kenli,Guangrao,and Hekou counties were generally higher than those of other counties.Furthermore,cluster analysis revealed that cotton weed community was closely related to spatial distance,geographical environment,planting patterns and other factors.The euclidean distance of Dongying and Lijin was minimum（10.5）.However,Gaoqing in the southern bank of the Yellow River and other counties in Yellow River delta had the maximum euclidean distance of 23.4.