四川省大竹县规模化猪场仔猪腹泻的常见病因调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on Common Causes for Piglet Diarrhea in Large-scale Pig Farms in Dazhu County of Sichuan Province

为摸清大竹县仔猪腹泻的病因及流行现状,通过走访调查、回顾性调查、现场查看、临床诊断及实验室检验等多种方法,对大竹县41个乡镇56个猪场的9.07万头仔猪进行了相关调查及病料样品的实验室检测。结果发现:大竹县仔猪腹泻严重,流行范围较广,发病率高达50.32%,且病因复杂。非病原因素主要是季节、母猪胎次、仔猪日龄、仔猪补饲情况、饲料来源、驱虫情况、母猪健康状况、圈舍综合环境等。病原因素主要有大肠杆菌、魏氏梭菌、蛇形螺旋体、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、轮状病毒和寄生虫等。其中大肠杆菌为主要致病微生物,主要血清型为O_(20)、O_(101)、O_(141),并且耐药情况较为严重,呈现多重耐药。调查认为,仔猪腹泻的防控不能单纯针对某种病因进行,需要针对所有病因实施系统性地综合管理和防控,以保证猪场的产仔成活率及仔猪育成率。

In order to find out the causes of piglet diarrhea and its epidemic status in Dazhu county, a comprehensive survey on 90 700 piglets from 56 farms in 41 townships were conducted by investigation, retrospective survey, field survey, clinical diagnosis, laboratory testing and some other methods. The results showed that the piglet diarrhea was a severe disease in Dazhu county and presented wide prevalence, the incidence rate was 50.32%, and the causes were complex. There were non-pathogenic factors and pathogenic factors. Non-pathogenic factors were closely related to season, parity, piglet ages, piglet supplementary feeding, feed sources, situation of expelling parasites, sow health and the integrated environment in breeding houses. Pathogenic factors included E.coli, Clostridiumperfringens, Serpulina, Transmissible gastroenteritis virus, Totavirus and parasites, in which the E.coli was the major pathogenic microorganism and the main E.coli serotypes were 020, O^0~, O^41. The isolates showed severe drug resistance and multiple resistance. Therefore, it should be applied an integrated management instead of aiming at only one factor to prevent and control the piglet diarrhea so as to achieve the purpose of improving survival rate of piglets and rearing rate.